Indonesia goals to cut back greenhouse gas emissions by 31.89 percent to 2030 by efforts to change to renewable energy and implement coal trade. This step is a component of the strategy for net emissions by 2060 or earlier whether it is supported by the international community.
Climate change control is a standard responsibility, not only the Indonesian government, but in addition the international community. By increased contribution to the country (ENDC), Indonesia goals to cut back greenhouse gas emissions by 31.89 percent with its own efforts and to 43.20 percent with international help by 2030 and strives to realize net emissions no later than 2060.
The coordinating Minister of Economic Affairs of Indonesia, Airlangga Hartarto, emphasized the importance of acceleration of renewable energy innovation and energy transition, since the energy sector accounts for about 34 percent of the whole emission of greenhouse gas in Indonesia. According to him, even though it is just not a straightforward, green transition is essentially the most effective step to resolve the issue of emission.
Indonesia efforts concerning the transition of energy
Logo asia zero emission community (azec) | Japanese government
To support the transition of energy, the Indonesian government issued a lot of regulations, including the presidential regulation number 98 of 2021 on the economic value of coal (NEK), which incorporates coal trade mechanism. In February 2023, the emission trade system (ETS) began to be implemented within the energy production sector, after which the launch of coal exchange (IDX Carbon) in September 2023. In this program, it’s estimated that reduction of greenhouse gas emissions may achieve no less than 100 million tons of CO₂ balanced until 2030.
The government is currently reviewing plans for the pension of coal power plants and diesel oil early through the Just Energy Transition Partnership (JETP) financing program. On the initiative of Jetp, which is the results of the 2022 G20 summit, Indonesia obtained a financing obligation of USD 21.6 billion.
Indonesia and Japan play a very important role in creating an Asia (AZEC) emission community. Until now, Azec has supervised 78 energy transition projects in Asia, of which 34 comes from Indonesia, that are to receive Jetp financing via the platform.
The government also encourages the usage of pure energy based on plant materials through a compulsory biodiesel program, together with the implementation of B35, which has turn out to be an example of success in supporting SDG achievements. Indonesia, which consistently runs this program for eight years with the very best mixing indicator, is now preparing to launch a compulsory B40, which is planned for January 2025.
Hybrid concept of energy production
Hybrid Solar Power Plant on the Selayar Regency islands, South Sulawesi | PT PLN (Persero)
Reducing greenhouse gas emissions also results from research and innovation. The National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN) is currently developing a hybrid concept that connects the PLT and a pumped Hydro (PHE) energy magazine with PLTMH support, which generally is a source of sustainable electricity.
A researcher from the Energy Conversion and Protection Center (PRKke) Brin, andhika Pastawa, explained that on this hybrid system the electricity from the PLTS is used to fulfill the energy needs through the day. Meanwhile, PLTMH plays a job in providing electricity supplies at night or when PLT cannot work.
Andhika explained that the usage of water energy through the event of PLTMH has great potential, with about 26,000 off-river locations in Indonesia, which haven’t been used, and the capability of energy storage of 800 terawat hours (TWH). However, the event of Hybrid Technology PLTS-PHES in Indonesia still faces challenges, reminiscent of the necessity for more detailed potential mapping, sufficient financing, price regulations and realistic logistics support.
Brin emphasized the necessity for strong cooperation between governments, industry and research institutions to optimize the renewable energy potential in Indonesia. This cooperation is taken into account key to maximum use of renewable energy.
Sources:
Indonesia.g.id. (2024). Biodiesel to Hydro: Indonesian involvement in limiting greenhouse gas emissions. https://indonesia.go.id/kategori/budaya/8575/biodiesel-hydro-komitmen-indonesia-krangi-emisi-gas-rumah-kaca
